通過對犬貓子宮、卵巢解剖組織學和寵用B超機超聲診斷基礎知識的回顧，結合臨床病例，重點就子宮內膜炎、卵巢囊腫、腫瘤等常見產科病的病因、病理生理、臨床表現、特別是獸用B超機診斷和治療等進行分析、總結。穿插生殖道的B超掃查技巧、正常和異常聲像圖的識別等加深常見產科病與超聲診斷的知識普及。

       一(yi)、犬貓子宮的組(zu)織解(jie)剖(pou)與超(chao)聲解(jie)剖(pou)

      子(zi)宮(gong)是一個中(zhong)空的肌質性(xing)器官，分(fen)為子(zi)宮(gong)頸、子(zi)宮(gong)體和子(zi)宮(gong)角，借子(zi)宮(gong)闊(kuo)韌帶(dai)附著于腰下部(bu)(bu)和骨(gu)盆(pen)腔(qiang)側壁，大部(bu)(bu)分(fen)位于腹腔(qiang)內(nei)(nei)，小部(bu)(bu)分(fen)位于骨(gu)盆(pen)腔(qiang)內(nei)(nei)，在直(zhi)腸和膀胱(guang)之間，前端(duan)與輸(shu)卵管相接，后(hou)端(duan)與陰道相通(tong)。子(zi)宮(gong)通(tong)過子(zi)宮(gong)闊(kuo)韌帶(dai)懸吊在骨(gu)盆(pen)腔(qiang)的入口附近(jin)、恥骨(gu)前緣上下。子(zi)宮(gong)為空腔(qiang)器官，子(zi)宮(gong)壁從外(wai)到內(nei)(nei)分(fen)別為漿膜(mo)(mo)、平滑肌、粘(zhan)膜(mo)(mo)下層和粘(zhan)膜(mo)(mo)層。

       二、犬貓卵(luan)巢的(de)組(zu)織解剖與超聲(sheng)解剖

       卵(luan)巢(chao)是雌(ci)性犬貓的(de)性腺器官，左右各一(yi)個，位于(yu)腎(shen)臟后內(nei)方(fang)，借卵(luan)巢(chao)懸吊韌帶連接(jie)腎(shen)尾。在生殖(zhi)激素的(de)作用下，周期性的(de)發育卵(luan)泡(pao)，排(pai)出卵(luan)子。在脂肪(fang)囊包裹下，外被漿膜，周邊(bian)為皮質(zhi)，中間為髓質(zhi)。在發情周期的(de)不(bu)同時期，其大小和內(nei)部(bu)結構(gou)均(jun)有(you)特征表現。

       三(san)、犬貓子宮內膜炎

       子(zi)(zi)(zi)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)內膜(mo)(mo)炎是子(zi)(zi)(zi)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)粘膜(mo)(mo)的(de)慢性(xing)炎癥，由急性(xing)炎癥轉變而來;在生(sheng)殖激素調節紊亂的(de)前提下(xia)，當(dang)輸精、助(zhu)產、沖洗等處理時消毒(du)不嚴，本交或(huo)(huo)(huo)精液感(gan)染(ran)等均可(ke)引起子(zi)(zi)(zi)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)內膜(mo)(mo)感(gan)染(ran)發(fa)炎。主要病原(yuan)菌(jun)為鏈(lian)球菌(jun)、葡萄球菌(jun)和(he)大腸桿菌(jun)，其它亦有(you)(you)化膿(nong)(nong)(nong)棒狀桿菌(jun)、單孢桿菌(jun)、衣原(yuan)體和(he)霉形(xing)體等。發(fa)病后(hou)會經歷隱性(xing)子(zi)(zi)(zi)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)內膜(mo)(mo)炎(無明顯子(zi)(zi)(zi)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)變化而屢配(pei)不孕(yun)，發(fa)情(qing)時分(fen)泌(mi)物(wu)較多且(qie)稍渾(hun)濁;但子(zi)(zi)(zi)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)沖洗回流液靜(jing)置(zhi)后(hou)沉淀，或(huo)(huo)(huo)有(you)(you)絮狀物(wu)浮游)，慢性(xing)卡他性(xing)子(zi)(zi)(zi)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)內膜(mo)(mo)炎(以子(zi)(zi)(zi)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)粘膜(mo)(mo)松軟增(zeng)厚、或(huo)(huo)(huo)潰瘍(yang)或(huo)(huo)(huo)結締組織增(zeng)生(sheng)或(huo)(huo)(huo)子(zi)(zi)(zi)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)腺(xian)囊腫為特征)，子(zi)(zi)(zi)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)積液(由卡他性(xing)子(zi)(zi)(zi)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)內膜(mo)(mo)炎發(fa)展而來，子(zi)(zi)(zi)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)腺(xian)分(fen)泌(mi)增(zeng)多、子(zi)(zi)(zi)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)收縮減(jian)弱而宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頸(jing)粘膜(mo)(mo)腫脹阻塞(sai)不能排液，致使子(zi)(zi)(zi)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)角或(huo)(huo)(huo)子(zi)(zi)(zi)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)體內積聚大量分(fen)泌(mi)液)，子(zi)(zi)(zi)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)積膿(nong)(nong)(nong)(子(zi)(zi)(zi)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)內化膿(nong)(nong)(nong)性(xing)感(gan)染(ran)，當(dang)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頸(jing)開放時陰道流膿(nong)(nong)(nong)結痂，子(zi)(zi)(zi)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)角尖端積膿(nong)(nong)(nong);當(dang)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頸(jing)閉(bi)塞(sai)則(ze)發(fa)展為子(zi)(zi)(zi)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)積膿(nong)(nong)(nong)，且(qie)常伴有(you)(you)卵巢(chao)囊腫或(huo)(huo)(huo)持久(jiu)黃(huang)體)。

       四、犬貓(mao)卵巢(chao)囊腫

       卵(luan)(luan)巢囊(nang)腫包括卵(luan)(luan)泡囊(nang)腫(卵(luan)(luan)泡上(shang)皮變(bian)性、卵(luan)(luan)泡壁(bi)(bi)結(jie)締(di)組織增(zeng)生變(bian)厚(hou)、卵(luan)(luan)細(xi)胞(bao)死(si)亡(wang)、卵(luan)(luan)泡液增(zeng)多(duo))和(he)黃(huang)體囊(nang)腫I卵(luan)(luan)細(xi)胞(bao)死(si)亡(wang)后未排卵(luan)(luan)的卵(luan)(luan)泡壁(bi)(bi)上(shang)皮細(xi)胞(bao)黃(huang)體化)兩類。多(duo)種(zhong)原因引起內分泌失(shi)調，使排卵(luan)(luan)機制和(he)黃(huang)體正常發育受到(dao)擾亂。卵(luan)(luan)泡囊(nang)腫表(biao)現為發情周期短而發情期長，發情行(xing)為強烈乃(nai)至出(chu)現慕雄狂(Nymphomania )。黃(huang)體囊(nang)腫表(biao)現為長時(shi)間不(bu)發情，卵(luan)(luan)巢上(shang)多(duo)為一個大而壁(bi)(bi)厚(hou)的囊(nang)泡，血檢孕酮含量高。

      以上就是大為醫療為您整理的關于寵物B超機犬貓子宮卵巢常見疾病及其超聲診斷的介紹，希望能夠對您有所幫助。大為醫療是專業生產醫用B超機、獸用B超機、寵物彩超機的廠家，如您有相關B超機、彩超機的需求，可以來電：15335104441 咨詢！